What is a Loan Agreement?
A loan agreement is a contract between a borrower and a lender which regulates the mutual promises made by each party.
A loan agreement contains the following information: A loan agreement must be signed by both parties in order to avoid any dispute that may occur later.
- Loan Amount and Duration: A loan agreement clearly specifies the amount of loan (also called Principal Amount) given to the borrower. The document also defines the time period for which the loan is granted.
- Interest Clause: It states the rate of interest to be paid along with the principal by the borrower. Also, it specifies the penal interest or additional charges required to be paid in the event of default in the payment of interest and principal.
- Repayment Clause: It is the major element in the loan agreement. This clause specifies how and when the loan is to be repaid by the borrower to the lender. The repayment can be a lump sum or on a periodical basis. In the case of periodical payments, it should specify the number of installments due and the date when the installment becomes due.
- Prepayment Clause: Prepayment means early payment of loan i.e. payment before the due date. Prepayment of loan is generally allowed on the payment of penalty charges. The penalty is levied to protect the lender against the loss of interest payments
- Loan security: A loan can be secured or unsecured. In the case of a secured loan, generally, some asset, say house or vehicle is pledged as collateral for the loan. In the event of default, the security pledged can be used to recover the loan amount.